![]() the pedicle and facet joints, which are other weight-bearing structures.several types of processes, on which many muscles and ligaments attach.massive dorsal vertebral arches which protect the neural structures (spinal cord) lying inside the vertebral foramen (space between the body and the arches).a large anterior body which bears most of the weight that is placed on the spine.The lumbar spine consists of five vertebrae that are simultaneously strong and articularly flexible to give the ability to move the body in different planes such as flexion-extension, rotation and lateral flexion. It is situated in between the thoracic and the sacral part of the spine and is characterised by lordosis. The lumbar spine is the part of the spine located in the lower back and is a common painful area in physiotherapy. Lumbar spine fractures, as the name suggests, are always located in the lumbar spine. Obviously the classification of fractures is complicated and ongoing.Ĭlinically Relevant Anatomy In this way, we have nine basic injury types which can be even further specified into 27 subgroups of spinal fractures. Every type has another subdivision of grade 1 to 3, also going in increasing order of severity. This method works with grades of severity, increasing from type A to type B and type C. A recently developed system by Aebi incorporates the two-column method, combined with the method of injury, and the instability which may result in neurological compromise. The main frustration with the Denis method is that the inclusion of the middle column introduced a “virtual landmark” that isn’t really suitable for determining an injury type because it is not an anatomic entity. This system is still currently the favoured method. Third degree: combined mechanical/neurological.The instability was further categorized into three types: In the Denis system, it was believed that trauma focused on the middle column was sufficient to cause instability in the spine. The 1983 Denis system revision led to a center column comprised of the posterior vertebral body, posterior vertebral disk and posterior longitudinal ligament. He divided the injuries according to the involvement of the anterior weight-bearing column and the posterior “tension bearing” column of facet joints and ligament complex. The current system had its roots in 1963 after Holdsworth proposed classifying spinal fractures by the mechanism of injury (MOI) of compression, flexion, extension and flexion-rotation. The complex shape of the vertebrae, along with the interaction of the central nervous system, the relatively specialized structures of the intervertebral disks and the associated vertebral ligaments has made the description and classification of spinal fractures an ongoing pursuit for the medical community.
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